现象

public class Test02 {
    static Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("thread1");
        }
    });

    static Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("thread2");
        }
    });

    static Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("thread3");
        }
    });

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }
}

上面的代码执行结果:

// 线程执行顺序是随机的
thread1
thread3
thread2

原因:start()方法只是让子线程处于就绪状态,最终执行状态是不可控的

解决方案

方案一:使用join控制多线程执行顺序

join():让主线程等待子线程结束以后才能继续运行

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    thread1.start();
    thread1.join();  // 让主线程放弃cpu执行权,让给子线程执行
    thread2.start();
    thread2.join();
    thread3.start();
}

结果:

thread1
thread2
thread3

join方法的原理就是调用相应线程的wait方法进行等待操作的,例如A线程中调用了B线程的join方法,则相当于在A线程中调用了B线程的wait方法,当B线程执行完(或者到达等待时间),B线程会自动调用自身的notifyAll( 调用了JVM底层lock.notify_all(thread)方法来唤醒 )方法唤醒A线程,从而达到同步的目的

jion()源码:

public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
    long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long now = 0;

    if (millis < 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
    }

    if (millis == 0) {
        while (isAlive()) {
            wait(0);
        }
    } else {
        while (isAlive()) {
            long delay = millis - now;
            if (delay <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            wait(delay);
            now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
        }
    }
}

最终是调用object的wait方法

public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;

join()的调用位于main Thread的main()中,所以这里当然就是阻塞main Thread了。所以thread1.join()调用后,main Thread会阻塞起来。

方案二:利用单线程化线程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)串行执行所有任务

利用并发包里的ExecutorsnewSingleThreadExecutor()产生一个单线程的线程池,而这个线程池的底层原理就是一个先进先出(FIFO)的队列。代码中executor.submit依次添加了123线程,按照FIFO的特性,执行顺序也就是123的执行结果,从而保证了执行顺序

static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    executorService.submit(thread1);
    executorService.submit(thread2);
    executorService.submit(thread3);
    executorService.shutdown();
}

YOLO